For anyone just beginning--or continuing--Ulysses, I have found the works below to be most helpful.
Ulysses Annotated by Dan Gifford
By far this is the book most used for all the obscure allusions and references. Best to use this on the second go, as you'll be referring to it every few lines.
Robot Wisdom's Ulysses pages
Jorn Barger's site supplies much of what Gifford missed or botched up.
Dublin's Joyce and Joyce's Voices by Hugh Kenner
Very detailed analysis of all Joyce's works, which is immensely helpful to understanding Ulysses (by parallax?).
James Joyce by Richard Ellmann
Joyce is heavily autobiographical, so outside of Gifford's annotations this work will supply much of the background info.
The Masks of God Volume 4: Creative Mythology by Joseph Campbell
Campbell discusses Joyce's art in the context of modern myth. For those interested, Thomas Mann is also discussed and compared with Joyce.
James Joyce's Ulysses by Stuart Gilbert
Gilbert supplies summaries of each episode along with Homeric references and themes.
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